原创《消失的庙会老去的手艺》
本文是关于消失的庙会老去的手艺相关毕业论文怎么写和庙会和手艺和消失方面毕业论文模板范文。
城里长大的孩子,很少有赶庙会的记忆.我的奶奶是上个世纪40年代生人,听奶奶讲,她小时候每年的农历三月廿八前后,村里大型的庙会便开始了.庙会定是有戏文看的,若是赶三天庙会,必须做三天戏文.唱戏的虽不是大角儿,但人气旺得很,戏台下老的、少的挤得满满当当,越剧、绍剧、鹦哥班、莲花落,雅的、俗的,历史的、传说的乃至胡编乱造的,全都登场亮相.孩子们最爱凑热闹了,嘻嘻哈哈从下午看到晚上也不肯回家.
农历三月廿八的庙会,集市一般在廿六日就开市.自己村的,隔壁村的,百姓从各处赶来；农副产品、春耕农具、百货杂物,有卖的,也有买的.石板路上人挤着人,河面上船挤着船,熙熙攘攘,热闹非凡.太奶奶孩子多,家务繁忙,每次只得等到落市前人稍少时,才抽空去添补东西：买一个新的竹晒匾,补一补用旧了的洗脚桶……
咸芥菜是绍兴人下饭的一道好菜,晒芥菜时需要用到一种用竹篾编成的晒匾.我第一次看制作竹晒匾,是在绍兴会稽山北麓的平水镇.靠山吃山,靠水吃水.平水小镇有崇山峻岭,茂林修竹.现年69岁的平水人宋运福14岁上山砍毛竹,学习竹编手艺.竹篾交错间,指腹游走；循环来往时,华发已生.
在离家不远的山上,宋运福拥有10亩左右的毛竹林,砍毛竹、劈毛竹、分篾片、编篾丝,都由他一人完成.因阿姐近期去了杭州定居,宋运福又多了阿姐的40多亩竹林,毛竹的供远远大于求.宋运福说,做竹编制品万万用不得当年的毛竹,因为新竹既不够粗也不够硬,太阳一晒便坏,他用的竹子都是三年生的.一棵棵直耸的参天竹,在这位篾匠师傅手里可以花样百出,常见的可做成竹席、竹匾、竹篮、竹灯罩、竹扫把、竹筛子、竹蒸笼、竹椅子等等.
宋运福的家里有好几张自己做的竹晒匾.新匾黄绿色,老匾咖啡色.他的妻子把腌好的芥菜摊晾在匾上.竹晒匾天然无毒,且有淡淡的竹子清香,晒出来的干菜既卫生又美味.宋运福和妻子热情地留我在他们家吃午饭,说儿子一家正好也回来吃,热闹得很.问起下一代是否继承了这份篾匠手艺,宋运福摇了摇头,他说几周前有个纪录片摄制组来找他取景,要求他从伐竹到编制,完成一个制作的全部过程.虽然配合拍摄很辛苦,但宋运福觉得很有价值.
篾匠一天做工8小时,能做出一张竹晒匾.“现在城里时髦的小姑娘也买这个匾,在这上面平晒羊绒衫好极了.”宋运福没想到,自己做的竹晒匾还能晒高级的羊绒衫.现在只要不做工,他就用电瓶车装上几个做好的晒匾,骑到镇上换乘公交,去绍兴市区卖80元一张.“毛竹是毛笋长大的,笋是可以吃的！”每回介绍自己的晒匾,宋运福总会强调天然和环保,“除了晒芥菜和笋干,这竹晒匾盛放刚刚包好的饺子和馄饨都是相当好的.”
到了我父亲小的时候,村里一年一度的庙会依旧是孩子们最盼望的时刻.那是属于我父亲一代人童年时的快乐记忆,父亲讲起还时不时地兴奋：锵锵锵,卖武膏药的来了！只见膀大腰圆的壮汉把外套一脱,顺势扎在腰间,拍拍拍,使劲地拍着胸脯,豪饮一大口烧酒,一边打拳耍戏,一边大嗓门地吹着牛,吆喝自家的膏药如何药到病除.看小贩耍着武功,忽有一丝香味飘进鼻腔,循着香味即可找到马阿二的小吃馆,马阿二正用一双长筷拨弄着油锅里翻滚的油条,这香味能钻到最深的巷子里.阿二店门口柜台上醒目的钵盂里,酱红色的扎肉冻得晶莹剔透,一层皮一层油一层肉,令人馋涎欲滴.
父亲说,那时,绍兴水乡沿街集市往往都有延绵不尽的路篷,行人所到之处,即是路篷的延伸之处,因而庙会几天里买的卖的热热闹闹地讨价还价,遇到下雨也不怕.
赶庙会和串门总是分不开的.农忙前的三月廿八是春节后的又一次聚会,庙会集市所在村的人家就要做东.主人招待客人时,会把糖果点心用一种木盆装起来,称之为“茶食桶盆”；过年祭祀祈福时,还要用到一种“五牲桶盆”,用来盛放五牲福礼.这些桶盆,均出自箍桶师傅之手.
我的小爷爷就是一位箍桶师傅.爷爷兄弟四人,只有两位延续了太爷爷传下来的手艺——箍桶,小爷爷便是其中之一.小爷爷大名朱伯荣,因为属狗,乡里人都喊他阿狗.在绍兴市樊江村一带,小爷爷的手艺是颇有名气的.
小爷爷17岁开始挑箍桶担.箍桶担的一头是一个木桶箱,装有锯子、斧子、钳子、凿子、刨刀等工具,另一头则捆扎着木料、铁箍等用来修补和替换的物品.箍桶师傅每日挑着担子走街串巷,修理各式各样的木桶制品,若有制作新的桶盆的活,就接了立刻赶回家里做.小爷爷说,那时候的他正学技术,只要抓到生意就做,每天晚饭后是交账时间,一般他能上交2元钱.
拜访小爷爷的这天正好天晴,他很忙.“天气干燥,我要把桶圈上上好.”小爷爷让我自己倒茶喝,他正低着头专注地箍桶圈.箍桶圈是箍桶最关键的一环,箍得不紧就容易漏水.上箍时,要用榔头推紧桶圈,边推边敲,然后用一根木头顶着桶圈均匀地往下推,越往下推,木器体积越大,因而越推越紧.天气对箍桶圈很有影响,若在阴雨潮湿的天气箍,天晴干燥时木头就会回缩,箍好的桶圈就会变松甚至脱落,因此天干物燥之时是箍桶圈的最佳时机.
老底子的绍兴人准备女儿出嫁的嫁妆时,必有各类木桶,如盛放点心的茶食桶盆、洗脸用的脸盆、洗脚用的脚盆、盛米量米用的斗、寓意多子多福的“子孙桶”等等.但不知从何时起,偌大的樊江村箍桶师傅越来越少.小爷爷今年72岁,年轻时一个工时干的活,现在他至少得花两个工时做.原来抓到活就做的他,现在也变得有些“挑剔”,修修补补的活早就不接了,做新的整套桶盆也需由熟人相托才勉强答应.我离开前,小爷爷起身送我,由于常年弯腰箍桶,他的腰背已无法直立起来,整日接触干木的双手,皮肤有一种与老树皮纹理相似的感觉,关节也出奇的粗大.小爷爷的孙儿时常打电话给他,说爷爷你别再箍桶了,来我家住吧,小爷爷总是笑笑说我不去,你这一口普通话,讲得快我都听不懂哩.“现在人都把箍桶师傅当稀奇东西看了.”小爷爷笑着说.
在我的记忆里,已没有令人盼望的庙会,也无法想象在集市上买一条咸鱼鲞,农忙时作为“长久菜”吃上几个星期.但现在城市里的农副产品集市上,吃的仍是最讨人喜欢的.麻糍、印糕、艾饺、虾饼、南瓜花、臭豆腐、萝卜丝饼,不到10元钱就能买上一些,吃到嘴唇泛油光.小朋友喜欢的还有糖画,糖画制作者必须具备扎实的手上功夫,一勺糖浆被舀起,抽浆如丝才能作画,画的内容一般刻在一个印有很多动物造型的转盘上,小朋友转到哪一个动物,就能吃到这个动物造型的糖了.
（本文照片由作者提供）
Vanished Temple Fair and Vanishing Old Crafts
By Zhu Shenqi
Most city-born children of today don’t he a memory of visiting a temple fair. My grandma was born in the 1940s. She says the village where she lived as a kid held a temple fair around the 28th day of the third month on the lunar calendar. In her memory, the temple fair was spectacular. For children, the biggest attraction at the village temple fair was opera shows. Troupes staged all kinds of shows for at least three days.
Usually the market would start on the 26th day of the third month. Local residents from the host village and neighboring villages gathered gradually. Vendors sold all kinds of household commodities and farming tools. Village streets were full of people and the rivers were full of boats. One of the commodities at the temple fair, according to my grandma, was the circular bamboo tray, which was largely used to air-dry pickled vegetable, which used to be a forite food decades ago. The bamboo tray is something I can identify. The first bamboo tray maker I met is the 69-year-old Song Yunfu at Pingshui, a town at the northern edge of Kuaiji Mountain in Shaoxing. He started his bamboo-weing career at the age of 14. He owns a all forest of bamboos in the mountain. After his elder sister moved away, she turned her family bamboo groves to him. He can make all kinds of bamboo-woven household things. A few weeks ago, a documentary production team came over and filmed the complete procedure of making a circular bamboo tray. Nowadays, he sometimes carries a few bamboo trays to the downtown Shaoxing to sell. To his surprise, the tray is still useful in modern life. Song is happy to learn that some girls use it to air-dry cashmere sweaters. Song regrets that his son refused to learn the craft decades ago.
My father, in his boyhood years, visited the village temple fair many times. He becomes excited whenever he starts recalling the things and the people he had seen at the temple fair. He imitates the drug seller who took off his dress and showed his muscles to spectators. He took a drink of alcohol and boasted about his miracle drugs. In my father’s memory, riverside market streets in Shaoxing had roofs overhead. Pedestrians would never get wet when it rained. He recalls how a neighbor made Youtiao (deep-fried dough sticks) in a large boiling oil wok with a pair of long bamboo chopsticks. The alluring ell wafted far and wide.
On the last day of the temple fair, residents of the host village entertained visitors because they would soon get busy with farming and they wouldn’t be able to meet each other for months. Sweets and cakes were served in large wood tubs or buckets. Such wood tubs and buckets are no longer seen in everyday life now.
My 72-year-old grand uncle is a cooper. In his younger years, he treled around carrying carpenter tools and wood materials on a shoulder pole. Nowadays he works at home. The other day I visited him. It was a sunny day and he was giving a wood bucket new hoops. He isn’t as strong and efficient as he was in the past. Nowadays, it takes him two hours to finish what he was able to complete in one hour when he was younger. Usually he does not do repairing jobs. Occasionally he makes a complete set of wood buckets and tubs only for friends and relatives. His grandson often phones him urging him to retire and move to live with the grandson’s family. The grandpa declines, laughing and saying “I don’t even understand the mandarin you speak so fast”. Now many people consider him a living antique.
The old temple fair is no more. I did not see such a temple fair in my childhood. I can’t imagine how a salted fish could be the most delicious food on a kitchen table for weeks. But I he to accept the fact that the old-time crafts are fast vanishing.
消失的庙会老去的手艺论文参考资料：
总而言之，此文为一篇关于庙会和手艺和消失方面的相关大学硕士和消失的庙会老去的手艺本科毕业论文以及相关消失的庙会老去的手艺论文开题报告范文和职称论文写作参考文献资料。
